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<li><a href="#ch1">1</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<p class="home"><a href="index.html">All books</a></p>
<p class="home"><a href="./">All books</a></p>
</header>
<div class="chapters">
<section class="chapter" id="ch1" data-chapter="1">
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">amen</dfn> Amen means “So be it” or “I believe it is certainly so.”</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">angel</dfn> “Angel” literally means “messenger” or “envoy,” and is usually used to refer to spiritual beings who normally are invisible to us, but can also appear as exceedingly strong creatures or as humans.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">Apollyon</dfn> Apollyon is Greek for destroyer.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">apostle</dfn> “Apostle” means a delegate, messenger, or one sent forth with orders. This term is applied in the New Testament in both a general sense connected with a ministry of establishing and strengthening church fellowships, as well as in a specific sense to “The 12 Apostles of the Lamb” (<a class="ref" href="REV.html#v21_14">Revelation 21:14</a>). The former category applies to a specific ministry that continues in the Church (<a class="ref" href="EPH.html#v4_11">Ephesians 4:11-13</a>) and which includes many more than 12 people, while the latter refers to the apostles named in <a class="ref" href="MAT.html#v10_2">Matthew 10:2-4,</a> except with Judas Iscariot replaced by Matthias (<a class="ref" href="ACT.html#v1_26">Acts 1:26</a>).</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">apostle</dfn> “Apostle” means a delegate, messenger, or one sent forth with orders. This term is applied in the New Testament in both a general sense connected with a ministry of establishing and strengthening church fellowships, as well as in a specific sense to “The 12 Apostles of the Lamb” (<a class="ref" href="REV#v21_14">Revelation 21:14</a>). The former category applies to a specific ministry that continues in the Church (<a class="ref" href="EPH#v4_11">Ephesians 4:11-13</a>) and which includes many more than 12 people, while the latter refers to the apostles named in <a class="ref" href="MAT#v10_2">Matthew 10:2-4,</a> except with Judas Iscariot replaced by Matthias (<a class="ref" href="ACT#v1_26">Acts 1:26</a>).</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">Armageddon</dfn> See Har-magedon.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">assarion</dfn> An assarion is a small Roman copper coin worth one tenth of a drachma, or about an hour’s wages for an agricultural laborer.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">aureus</dfn> An aureus is a Roman gold coin, worth 25 silver denarii. An aureus weighed from 115 to 126.3 grains (7.45 to 8.18 grams).</li>
@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">cherub</dfn> A cherub is a kind of angel with wings and hands that is associated with the throne room of God and guardian duty. See Ezekiel 10.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">cherubim</dfn> Cherubim means more than one cherub or a mighty cherub.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">choenix</dfn> A choenix is a dry volume measure that is a little more than a liter (which is a little more than a quart). A choenix was the daily ration of grain for a soldier in some armies.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">concubine</dfn> a woman who is united to a man for the purpose of providing him with sexual pleasure and children, but not being honored as a full partner in marriage; a second-class wife. In Old Testament times (and in some places now), it was the custom of middle-eastern kings, chiefs, and wealthy men to marry multiple wives and concubines, but God commanded the Kings of Israel not to do so (<a class="ref" href="DEU.html#v17_17">Deuteronomy 17:17</a>) and Jesus encouraged people to either remain single or marry as God originally intended: one man married to one woman (<a class="ref" href="MAT.html#v19_3">Matthew 19:3-12</a>; <a class="ref" href="1CO.html#v7_1">1 Corinthians 7:1-13</a>).</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">concubine</dfn> a woman who is united to a man for the purpose of providing him with sexual pleasure and children, but not being honored as a full partner in marriage; a second-class wife. In Old Testament times (and in some places now), it was the custom of middle-eastern kings, chiefs, and wealthy men to marry multiple wives and concubines, but God commanded the Kings of Israel not to do so (<a class="ref" href="DEU#v17_17">Deuteronomy 17:17</a>) and Jesus encouraged people to either remain single or marry as God originally intended: one man married to one woman (<a class="ref" href="MAT#v19_3">Matthew 19:3-12</a>; <a class="ref" href="1CO#v7_1">1 Corinthians 7:1-13</a>).</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">cor</dfn> A cor is a dry measure of about 391 liters, 103 U. S. gallons, or 86 imperial gallons.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">corban</dfn> Corban is a Hebrew word for an offering devoted to God.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">crucify</dfn> Crucify means to execute someone by nailing them to a cross with metal spikes. Their hands are stretched out on the crossbeam with spikes driven through their wrists or hands. Their feet or ankles are attached to a cross with a metal spike. The weight of the victim’s body tends to force the air out of his lungs. To rise up to breathe, the victim has to put weight on the wounds, and use a lot of strength. The victim is nailed to the cross while the cross is on the ground, then the cross is raised up and dropped into a hole, thus jarring the wounds. Before crucifixion, the victim was usually whipped with a Roman cat of nine tails, which had bits of glass and metal tied to its ends. This caused chunks of flesh to be removed and open wounds to be placed against the raw wood of the cross. The victim was made to carry the heavy crossbeam of his cross from the place of judgment to the place of crucifixion, but often was physically unable after the scourging, so another person would be pressed into involuntary service to carry the cross for him. Roman crucifixion was generally done totally naked to maximize both shame and discomfort. Eventually, the pain, weakness, dehydration, and exhaustion of the muscles needed to breathe make breathing impossible, and the victim suffocates.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">cubit</dfn> A cubit is a unit of linear measure, from the elbow to the tip of the longest finger of a man. This unit is commonly converted to 0.46 meters or 18 inches, although that varies with height of the man doing the measurement. There is also a “long” cubit that is longer than a regular cubit by a handbreadth. (<a class="ref" href="EZK.html#v43_13">Ezekiel 43:13</a>)</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">cubit</dfn> A cubit is a unit of linear measure, from the elbow to the tip of the longest finger of a man. This unit is commonly converted to 0.46 meters or 18 inches, although that varies with height of the man doing the measurement. There is also a “long” cubit that is longer than a regular cubit by a handbreadth. (<a class="ref" href="EZK#v43_13">Ezekiel 43:13</a>)</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">cummin</dfn> Cummin is an aromatic seed from Cuminum cyminum, resembling caraway in flavor and appearance. It is used as a spice.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">darnel</dfn> Darnel is a weed grass (probably bearded darnel or Lolium temulentum) that looks very much like wheat until it is mature, when the seeds reveal a great difference. Darnel seeds aren’t good for much except as chicken feed or to burn to prevent the spread of this weed.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">denarii</dfn> denarii: plural form of denarius, a silver Roman coin worth about a day’s wages for a laborer.</li>
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">lepta</dfn> Lepta are very small, brass, Jewish coins worth half a Roman quadrans each, which is worth a quarter of the copper assarion. Lepta are worth less than 1% of an agricultural worker’s daily wages.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">leviathan</dfn> Leviathan is a poetic name for a large aquatic creature, possibly a crocodile or a dinosaur.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">mahalath</dfn> Mahalath is the name of a tune or a musical term.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">manna</dfn> Name for the food that God miraculously provided to the Israelites while they were wandering in the wilderness between Egypt and the promised land. From Hebrew man-hu (What is that?) or manan (to allot). See <a class="ref" href="EXO.html#v16_14">Exodus 16:14-35</a>.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">marriage</dfn> the union of a husband and a wife for the purpose of cohabitation, procreation, and to enjoy each other’s company. God’s plan for marriage is between one man and one woman (<a class="ref" href="MRK.html#v10_6">Mark 10:6-9</a>; 1 Corinthians 7). Although there are many cases of a man marrying more than one woman in the Old Testament, being married to one wife is a requirement to serve in certain church leadership positions (<a class="ref" href="1TI.html#v3_2">1 Timothy 3:2,12</a>; <a class="ref" href="TIT.html#v1_5">Titus 1:5-6</a>).</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">manna</dfn> Name for the food that God miraculously provided to the Israelites while they were wandering in the wilderness between Egypt and the promised land. From Hebrew man-hu (What is that?) or manan (to allot). See <a class="ref" href="EXO#v16_14">Exodus 16:14-35</a>.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">marriage</dfn> the union of a husband and a wife for the purpose of cohabitation, procreation, and to enjoy each other’s company. God’s plan for marriage is between one man and one woman (<a class="ref" href="MRK#v10_6">Mark 10:6-9</a>; 1 Corinthians 7). Although there are many cases of a man marrying more than one woman in the Old Testament, being married to one wife is a requirement to serve in certain church leadership positions (<a class="ref" href="1TI#v3_2">1 Timothy 3:2,12</a>; <a class="ref" href="TIT#v1_5">Titus 1:5-6</a>).</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">maschil</dfn> Maschil is a musical and literary term for “contemplation” or “meditative psalm.”</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">michtam</dfn> A michtam is a poem.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">mina</dfn> A mina is a Greek coin worth 100 Greek drachmas (or 100 Roman denarii), or about 100 day’s wages for an agricultural laborer.</li>
@@ -75,11 +75,11 @@
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">Nicolaitans</dfn> Nicolaitans were most likely Gnostics who taught the detestable lie that the physical and spiritual realms were entirely separate and that immorality in the physical realm wouldn’t harm your spiritual health.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">omega</dfn> Omega is the last letter of the Greek alphabet. It is sometimes used to mean the last or the end.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">Peniel</dfn> Peniel is Hebrew for “face of God.”</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">phylactery</dfn> a leather container for holding a small scroll containing important Scripture passages that is worn on the arm or forehead in prayer. These phylacteries (tefillin in Hebrew) are still used by orthodox Jewish men. See <a class="ref" href="DEU.html#v6_8">Deuteronomy 6:8</a>.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">phylactery</dfn> a leather container for holding a small scroll containing important Scripture passages that is worn on the arm or forehead in prayer. These phylacteries (tefillin in Hebrew) are still used by orthodox Jewish men. See <a class="ref" href="DEU#v6_8">Deuteronomy 6:8</a>.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">Praetorium</dfn> Praetorium: the Roman governor’s residence and office building, and those who work there.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">quadrans</dfn> A quadrans is a Roman coin worth about 1/64 of a denarius. A denarius is about one day’s wages for an agricultural laborer.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">rabbi</dfn> Rabbi is a transliteration of the Hebrew word for “my teacher,” used as a title of respect for Jewish teachers.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">Rahab</dfn> Rahab is either (1) The prostitute who hid Joshua’s 2 spies in Jericho (Joshua 2,6) and later became an ancestor of Jesus (<a class="ref" href="MAT.html#v1_5">Matthew 1:5</a>) and an example of faith (<a class="ref" href="HEB.html#v11_31">Hebrews 11:31</a>; <a class="ref" href="JAS.html#v2_25">James 2:25</a>); or (2) Literally, “pride” or “arrogance” —possibly a reference to a large aquatic creature (<a class="ref" href="JOB.html#v9_13">Job 9:13</a>; <a class="ref" href="JOB.html#v26_12">26:12</a>; <a class="ref" href="ISA.html#v51_9">Isaiah 51:9</a>) or symbolically referring to Egypt (<a class="ref" href="PSA.html#v87_4">Psalms 87:4</a>; <a class="ref" href="PSA.html#v89_10">89:10</a>; <a class="ref" href="ISA.html#v30_7">Isaiah 30:7</a>).</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">Rahab</dfn> Rahab is either (1) The prostitute who hid Joshua’s 2 spies in Jericho (Joshua 2,6) and later became an ancestor of Jesus (<a class="ref" href="MAT#v1_5">Matthew 1:5</a>) and an example of faith (<a class="ref" href="HEB#v11_31">Hebrews 11:31</a>; <a class="ref" href="JAS#v2_25">James 2:25</a>); or (2) Literally, “pride” or “arrogance” —possibly a reference to a large aquatic creature (<a class="ref" href="JOB#v9_13">Job 9:13</a>; <a class="ref" href="JOB#v26_12">26:12</a>; <a class="ref" href="ISA#v51_9">Isaiah 51:9</a>) or symbolically referring to Egypt (<a class="ref" href="PSA#v87_4">Psalms 87:4</a>; <a class="ref" href="PSA#v89_10">89:10</a>; <a class="ref" href="ISA#v30_7">Isaiah 30:7</a>).</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">repent</dfn> to change one’s mind; turn away from sin and turn toward God; to abhor one’s past sins and determine to follow God.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">Rhabboni</dfn> Rhabboni: a transliteration of the Hebrew word for “great teacher.”</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">Sabbath</dfn> The seventh day of the week, set aside by God for man to rest.</li>
@@ -90,15 +90,15 @@
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">Satan</dfn> Satan means “accuser.” This is one name for the devil, an enemy of God and God’s people.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">scribe</dfn> A scribe is one who copies God’s law. They were often respected as teachers and authorities on God’s law.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">selah</dfn> Selah is a musical term indicating a pause or instrumental interlude for reflection.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">seraphim</dfn> Seraphim are 6-winged angels. See <a class="ref" href="ISA.html#v6_2">Isaiah 6:2-6</a>.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">seraphim</dfn> Seraphim are 6-winged angels. See <a class="ref" href="ISA#v6_2">Isaiah 6:2-6</a>.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">sexual immorality</dfn> The term “sexual immorality” in the New Testament comes from the Greek “porneia,” which refers to any sexual activity besides that between a husband and his wife. In other words, prostitution (male or female), bestiality, homosexual activity, any sexual intercourse outside of marriage, and the production and consumption of pornography all are included in this term.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">shekel</dfn> A measure of weight, and when referring to that weight in gold, silver, or brass, of money. A shekel is approximately 16 grams, about a half an ounce, or 20 gerahs (<a class="ref" href="EZK.html#v45_12">Ezekiel 45:12</a>).</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">shekel</dfn> A measure of weight, and when referring to that weight in gold, silver, or brass, of money. A shekel is approximately 16 grams, about a half an ounce, or 20 gerahs (<a class="ref" href="EZK#v45_12">Ezekiel 45:12</a>).</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">Sheol</dfn> Sheol is the place of the dead. See also “Hades”.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">Shibah</dfn> Shibah is Hebrew for “oath” or “seven.” See Beersheba.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">shigionoth</dfn> Victorious music.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">soul</dfn> “Soul” refers to the emotions and intellect of a living person, as well as that person’s very life. It is distinguished in the Bible from a person’s spirit and body. (<a class="ref" href="1TH.html#v5_23">1 Thessalonians 5:23,</a> <a class="ref" href="HEB.html#v4_12">Hebrews 4:12</a>)</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">soul</dfn> “Soul” refers to the emotions and intellect of a living person, as well as that person’s very life. It is distinguished in the Bible from a person’s spirit and body. (<a class="ref" href="1TH#v5_23">1 Thessalonians 5:23,</a> <a class="ref" href="HEB#v4_12">Hebrews 4:12</a>)</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">span</dfn> A span is the length from the tip of a man’s thumb to the tip of his little finger when his hand is stretched out (about half a cubit, or 9 inches, or 22.8 cm.)</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">spirit</dfn> Spirit, breath, and wind all derive from the same Hebrew and Greek words. A person’s spirit is the very essence of that person’s life, which comes from God, who is a Spirit being (<a class="ref" href="JHN.html#v4_24">John 4:24,</a> <a class="ref" href="GEN.html#v1_2">Genesis 1:2</a>; <a class="ref" href="GEN.html#v2_7">2:7</a>). The Bible distinguishes between a person’s spirit, soul, and body (<a class="ref" href="1TH.html#v5_23">1 Thessalonians 5:23,</a> <a class="ref" href="HEB.html#v4_12">Hebrews 4:12</a>). Some beings may exist as spirits without necessarily having a visible body, such as angels and demons (<a class="ref" href="LUK.html#v9_39">Luke 9:39,</a> <a class="ref" href="1JN.html#v4_1">1 John 4:1-3</a>).</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">spirit</dfn> Spirit, breath, and wind all derive from the same Hebrew and Greek words. A person’s spirit is the very essence of that person’s life, which comes from God, who is a Spirit being (<a class="ref" href="JHN#v4_24">John 4:24,</a> <a class="ref" href="GEN#v1_2">Genesis 1:2</a>; <a class="ref" href="GEN#v2_7">2:7</a>). The Bible distinguishes between a person’s spirit, soul, and body (<a class="ref" href="1TH#v5_23">1 Thessalonians 5:23,</a> <a class="ref" href="HEB#v4_12">Hebrews 4:12</a>). Some beings may exist as spirits without necessarily having a visible body, such as angels and demons (<a class="ref" href="LUK#v9_39">Luke 9:39,</a> <a class="ref" href="1JN#v4_1">1 John 4:1-3</a>).</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">stadia</dfn> Stadia is plural for “stadion,” a linear measure of about 184.9 meters or 606.6 feet (the length of the race course at Olympia).</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">stater</dfn> A stater is a Greek silver coin equivalent to four Attic or two Alexandrian drachmas, or a Jewish shekel: just exactly enough to cover the half-shekel Temple Tax for two people.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">tabernacle</dfn> a dwelling place or place of worship, usually a tent.</li>
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">Tartarus</dfn> Tartarus is the Greek name for an underworld for the wicked dead; another name for Gehenna or Hell.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">teraphim</dfn> Teraphim are household idols that may have been associated with inheritance rights to the household property.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">Yah</dfn> “Yah” is a shortened form of “Yahweh,” which is God’s proper name. This form is used occasionally in the Old Testament, mostly in the Psalms. See “Yahweh.”</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">Yahweh</dfn> “Yahweh” is God’s proper name. In Hebrew, the four consonants roughly equivalent to YHWH were considered too holy to pronounce, so the Hebrew word for “Lord” (Adonai) was substituted when reading it aloud. When vowel points were added to the Hebrew Old Testament, the vowel points for “Adonai” were mixed with the consonants for “Yahweh,” which if you pronounced it literally as written, would be pronounced “Yehovah” or “Jehovah.” When the Old Testament was translated to Greek, the tradition of substituting “Lord” for God’s proper name continued in the translation of God’s name to “Lord” (Kurios). Some English Bibles translate God’s proper name to “LORD” or “GOD” (usually with small capital letters), based on that same tradition. This can get really confusing, since two other words (“Adonai” and “Elohim”) translate to “Lord” and “God,” and they are sometimes used together. The ASV of 1901 (and some other translations) render YHWH as “Jehovah.” The most probable pronunciation of God’s proper name is “Yahweh.” In Hebrew, the name “Yahweh” is related to the active declaration “I AM.” See <a class="ref" href="EXO.html#v3_13">Exodus 3:13-14</a>. Since Hebrew has no tenses, the declaration “I AM” can also be interpreted as “I WAS” and “I WILL BE.” Compare <a class="ref" href="REV.html#v1_8">Revelation 1:8</a>.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">Yahweh</dfn> “Yahweh” is God’s proper name. In Hebrew, the four consonants roughly equivalent to YHWH were considered too holy to pronounce, so the Hebrew word for “Lord” (Adonai) was substituted when reading it aloud. When vowel points were added to the Hebrew Old Testament, the vowel points for “Adonai” were mixed with the consonants for “Yahweh,” which if you pronounced it literally as written, would be pronounced “Yehovah” or “Jehovah.” When the Old Testament was translated to Greek, the tradition of substituting “Lord” for God’s proper name continued in the translation of God’s name to “Lord” (Kurios). Some English Bibles translate God’s proper name to “LORD” or “GOD” (usually with small capital letters), based on that same tradition. This can get really confusing, since two other words (“Adonai” and “Elohim”) translate to “Lord” and “God,” and they are sometimes used together. The ASV of 1901 (and some other translations) render YHWH as “Jehovah.” The most probable pronunciation of God’s proper name is “Yahweh.” In Hebrew, the name “Yahweh” is related to the active declaration “I AM.” See <a class="ref" href="EXO#v3_13">Exodus 3:13-14</a>. Since Hebrew has no tenses, the declaration “I AM” can also be interpreted as “I WAS” and “I WILL BE.” Compare <a class="ref" href="REV#v1_8">Revelation 1:8</a>.</li>
<li class="ili" data-indent="1"><dfn class="k">Zion</dfn> Zion is a name which originally referred one of the mountains of Jerusalem. It became a term synonymous with Jerusalem itself. The term “Heavenly Zion” is also used to refer the future dwelling place of God’s people.</li>
</ul>
</section>